The participant-weighted participation rate measure considers all employees in Vanguard-administered plans as if they were in a single plan. Plans with less than 500 participants and those with more than 500 participants are each included in this view. The chart shows participation rates for defined contribution plans in the industry sector, categorized by plan type and size for 2023. The x-axis shows the participation rate, and the y-axis shows the sector. Within each sector, plans of different sizes are compared against a Vanguard benchmark of 82%. Architecture & engineering: Plans with more than 500 participants had a participation rate of 76%, falling below the Vanguard benchmark. Plans with less than 500 participants had a participation rate of 92%, above the Vanguard benchmark. Construction: Plans with less than 500 participants had a participation rate of 65%. Plans with more than 500 participants had a participation rate of 69%. Both were below the Vanguard benchmark. Finance: Plans with less than 500 participants had a participation rate of 89%. Plans with more than 500 participants had a participation rate of 92%. Both were above the Vanguard benchmark. Professional, scientific & tech.: Plans with more than 500 participants had a participation rate of 87%. Plans with less than 500 participants had a participation rate of 92%. Both were above the Vanguard benchmark. Unions: Plans with more than 500 participants had a participation rate of 58%. Plans with less than 500 participants had a participation rate of 67%. Both were below the Vanguard benchmark. Wholesale trade: Plans with less than 500 participants had a participation rate of 71%. Plans with more than 500 participants had a participation rate of 76%. Both were below the Vanguard benchmark.